Imaging and microscopy tools have greatly facilitated research towards the understanding of human health and disease. Starting from the first microscopes, the tremendous advancement in imaging technologies has led to scientists being able to observe biological structures and processes in unprecedented detail. Knowledge gained from the application of these instruments and methodologies has illuminated unknown facets of the functioning of biological systems in the continuous quest for scientific discovery. Modern imaging systems also represent a true multi-disciplinary effort in discovery and innovation, with physicists, engineers, chemists, biologists and clinicians combining efforts to address pressing problems in biomedicine.