National Conference of Plant Physiology-2017 (NCPP-2017), will be organized to address the challenging issues concerning agricultural productivity. World agriculture is confronting with climate change, increasing population, declining per capita arable land and scarcity of natural resources. To meet the demands of bulging population, agriculture production must be amplified from the shrinking natural resources despite unfavorable climatic conditions. In view of national commitment of ensuring food security, there is a need to develop strategies to boost the crop productivity. Harnessing potential of basic physiological processes and engineering the biochemical mechanisms involved in the synthesis of primary agricultural produce, it is essential to improve productivity. Besides, there is need to improve the nutritive value of the agricultural produce. Thus, physiological interventions present themselves as indispensable options to ensure food security as well as quality of the produce. Therefore, we need to develop genotypes and production technologies capable of enhancing both crop productivity and quality under current scenario. There is also a need to prevent enormous post-harvest losses in food grains, fruits and vegetables through developing new technologies. Using molecular techniques, we may develop crop varieties with improved productivity, quality and abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.