I am Stephy Jose, a postdoctoral researcher currently working at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Hyderabad. From a young age, I was drawn to science, curious about how things worked. Physics, in particular, interested me—not because it was easy, but because it wasn’t. It always felt mysterious, like it held secrets about the universe waiting to be discovered. Ironically, physics was also the subject where I scored the least in school, but that only made me want to understand it more.

I pursued a Bachelors in Physics from Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, and later a Masters in Physics from University of Hyderabad. In 2019, I joined TIFR Hyderabad for my PhD under Kabir Ramola, focusing on "Hydrodynamics and fluctuations in models of active particle motion."

My research – Understanding active matter

My PhD research centred on understanding active matter—systems made up of self-propelled entities that move using their own internal energy. These range from humans and animals to bacteria and synthetic particles. Have you ever seen a flock of birds or a school of fish move in perfect sync? Even microscopic bacteria exhibit collective motion, forming dynamic clusters. My work involved developing mathematical models using tools from Statistical Physics to understand how these entities interact, and self-organise into clusters, waves, or other emergent structures. A major focus of my research was on how noise or unpredictability influences their motion, how they decide where to go next, and how their initial conditions—like their starting positions affect their future trajectories.

Applying for postdoctoral positions – A real struggle

I started applying for postdoctoral positions six months before completing my PhD. Looking back, I would say the earlier you start, the better. The best time to apply is during the fall (September–December) and spring/summer (March–June) cycles, when universities advertise open positions.

The process, however, was far from easy. Openings in my specific field were rare, and when positions did exist, they were competitive. I reached out to experts in my field, but many simply didn’t have funding. I considered switching fields, but most labs preferred candidates with prior experience, as postdocs are expected to deliver results quickly. The constant rejections made the journey disheartening. I reached out to Hartmut Löwen, Professor at Heinrich Heine University (HHU), Düsseldorf, Germany and he suggested applying for externally funded fellowships. This would allow me to work independently on problems I was passionate about, without being tied to a lab’s existing grants.

What is the Humboldt Fellowship and when to apply?

The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation offers a prestigious research fellowship for postdocs and experienced researchers—the Humboldt Research Fellowship—which allows international scientists to conduct independent research in collaboration with a German host. It provides generous financial support, family benefits, and language courses.

One of the biggest advantages is the Humboldt Network, which facilitates long-term professional relationships, and career growth opportunities. Plus, you get to explore Germany, from historic sites to stunning landscapes—who wouldn’t love that?

If you have finished your PhD within the last four years (for postdocs) or twelve years (for experienced researchers), you are good to go! Strong publications, a solid research plan, and a potential host in Germany are key. Your host should be someone actively working in your field, who is enthusiastic about mentoring you. The best part? No fixed deadlines! You can apply anytime. But don’t let that fool you into procrastinating—processing takes months, and securing a strong host is crucial. I would say, give yourself at least six months before you hope to start.

My journey – A moment of reflection

Although I was enthusiastic at the beginning of my PhD, I felt a noticeable decline in that energy as I approached the end. Writing papers, revising manuscripts, working on thesis, and giving seminars became routine. Somewhere along the way, the deep curiosity that once drove me started to wane. This made me question myself. I had everything required for a successful PhD—enough publications, solid research—but I lacked something more profound: satisfaction. I always wanted to continue in academia, but I wondered whether I would excel in this field? Could I guide students effectively?

At the same time, I wanted to explore new directions. My research so far has been largely theoretical. But I wanted to see my abstract ideas come to life. That meant stepping into unfamiliar territories. Could I excel in a new field?

One thing I appreciated about the Humboldt Fellowship was that it gives me the freedom to take that risk. The rest, I would figure out along the way. I hope this opportunity helps me understand where I stand and what I truly want to do. For now, I am committed to giving it my 100%.

How I applied

My journey started with identifying a host whose work closely aligns with my interests. I also received valuable feedback from my PhD supervisor and previous fellows. The application included:

• A research proposal (after multiple iterations!)

• A CV and publication list (quality over quantity)

• Reference letters (preferably from people who really know your work)

• A support letter from the host scientist in Germany (someone established and excited to work with you!)

One of the unique aspects of this fellowship is that there is no interview. Selection is purely based on your application documents. This means that every document must be crystal clear and compelling.

Tips for a good research proposal

• Strong research idea – Should be well-thought-out, either building on your PhD work or exploring a new direction.

• Think broadly and ambitiously – Consider the bigger picture and the potential impact.

• Clarity and precision – The first paragraphs should clearly state your research objective, why it is important, and how it differs from existing work. It should be understandable by non-experts.

• Well-structured format – Use well-defined sections with headings for readability.

• Use visual elements – Include figures with captions to enhance understanding.

• Detailed methodology and research plan – Clearly outline your plan.

• Include preliminary results – Strengthens your case.

• Future directions – Show that you have a long-term vision.

• Your unique fit – Considering your expertise and background.

• Role of the German host – Describe how they will contribute and what you will bring to their institute.

• Page limit – Maximum 5 pages, excluding references.

• Compelling conclusion – End with a strong closing statement.

My biggest advice? Start early, find the right host, and don’t hesitate to seek feedback on your proposal. If you enjoy research, collaboration, and a bit of adventure, this fellowship is a fantastic opportunity.

I believe in hard work and smart work, guided by honesty, compassion, and discipline—values that shape both my personal and professional life. Every day feels like an opportunity to learn something new, and I find it difficult to sit idle. There is so much to explore, and life is too short to let it pass by without purpose. And who knows? Maybe your next big idea will take shape over a cup of German coffee!

1. What inspired you to pursue a career in behavioural ecology?

During my second year of BSc, our class went on a field trip to the Western Ghats. We planned to spend a day at the Centre for Ecological Sciences (CES) at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore. During this visit, I attended a talk by Raghavendra Gadagkar, which I found fascinating. We later visited his lab, where they studied the Ropalidia marginata wasp.

He encouraged us to ask questions and answered them eagerly. A year after this trip, he released his book, “Survival Strategies," which I found interesting. This experience inspired me to pursue a PhD in his lab.

Also, a new professor at my college, Srilanjan Bhattacharya, who was a student of Madhav Gadgil, often shared interesting stories about Madhav Gadgil, Raghavendra Gadagkar, and CES. These stories further fuelled my interest in CES, making it my dream to pursue a PhD there.

2. After your PhD in wasp at your dream lab, what prompted your transition from studying wasp to studying dogs, which was an entirely new model system for you?

I wanted to set up my lab in India, so I decided not to study social insects, as it would imply that I was doing the same thing as my PhD supervisor. To create an independent identity, I decided to look for a new model system. From my readings, I found three behaviour systems very interesting: crow, dog, and lastly, human infant behaviour. After discussing with my PhD supervisor and evaluating the pros and cons, I decided to pursue dog behaviour.

3. What challenges did you face while setting up your research group and transitioning to studying dogs?

Initially, people were doubtful, as I was planning to do a completely different thing. As they pointed out, “you don’t have any experience in this,” and my answer to them was:

That is what research is about. You do new things. I know the basic tools. So, I will be able to do it.

People were not convinced until I started publishing. To think of it, I did not face too many challenges because it felt like I had walked out of a lab and reached a new institute. Before I joined, my PhD senior, Annagiri Sumana, had joined six months earlier. She took me under her wing.

In my initial days at IISER Kolkata, doubts about my research remained. After one year, people began asking me about publishing papers. I felt that, because of my model system, that I was not taken seriously. Another challenge I faced when I started sending out papers was that all my reviewers were from abroad since no one had worked on dogs in India. I was asked very silly questions, like why dogs live on the street or why they eat biscuits. Although we were submitting video proof for our studies, it took time to convince people, which was a real challenge after I started my lab.

4. Would you like to tell us about some interesting results from your studies, particularly those that excite or surprise you?

One of my favourite findings is about dogs having joint families. Dog pups are always taken care of by a grandmother or aunt. We also looked at a concept called parent-offspring conflicts. Researchers have modelled it, but there are fewer experimental studies for which dogs can be a suitable study system.

There is a common conception that dogs approach us only for food, but an experiment from our lab showed that petting alone can develop trust without offering food.

Another fascinating result from our lab showed that dogs have an affinity for yellow, although we don’t yet understand why.

5. What advice based on your career would you like to give to young researchers in behavioural ecology?

The field of behavioural ecology is very diverse, so it would be difficult to generalise based on my career alone. I can only share what worked for me. I had many broad questions and multiple sub-questions that could be put together to build a story. To support these stories, experimental data is required.

We collect the data by studying live animals, and often the experimental protocol may not work. We face setbacks like the animal dying or not getting enough samples to complete the target for the day. Despite the challenges, we need to keep planning for the next day and stay committed to science. I suggest not setting very ambitious targets, as it takes time to publish a paper in this field.

6. How do you balance the demands of field work and research with other aspects of your life and career?

Nowadays, I am not actively involved in field work, as all of it is done by my students. I have become a manager of science rather than an active science worker. As you advance in your career, more students join; all of them need your time. So, I am more involved in brainstorming than doing active fieldwork.

My time balances out between teaching and wearing multiple hats of responsibilities and commitments to different committees. Then, of course, home is there. Everything demands time, resulting in work spilling over into my home time. I guess I can manage it well.

7. Do you think a PhD prepares you for a faculty position, or do you think there is something missing?

On average, I will say no. I think a PhD does not prepare you for a faculty position. One fine day, you become a faculty member, and you are supposed to know how to hire people, submit research grants, teach, design syllabi, and handle committees. This all comes to you without proper training. PhD programmes are not well-designed well, with supervisors expecting students to do full-time research without mentoring them for future roles.

8. How do you take your research from the field to the public and translate it into dog welfare?

I have received invitations from a couple of institutions to talk about my work, which would help animal welfare committees take steps to manage conflicts. These problems should be managed with the help of science, for which more research is required. Recently, I was invited by the Municipal Corporation of my town to become an advisor to a committee looking into dog problems. Efforts like these are taken locally, but there should be something at the national level too.

Policymakers should understand the science behind a problem before coming up with any policy.

To contribute from our side, we can encourage someone from our lab to start a startup. For example, shelter homes for stray dogs are poorly managed. If inputs are taken from scientific studies, better care can be provided to the animals.

9. What is one significant change that can benefit women pursuing a career in science?

Ideally, social prejudice should change, but I think we should start with policy-level changes. For example, childcare leave should be considered for both parents, as raising a child is a shared responsibility between genders. It is not just the mother’s responsibility to raise a child.

10. What was the most fulfilling moment of your career?

I think when I was invited to give a keynote address at the Canine Science Forum last year, it was really an honour for me. The Canine Science Forum congregates every two years, and all the big names from Europe in the field of canine science attend it.

1. What prompted your transition from academia to the publishing industry?

It was a serendipitous sign. As I was wrapping up my PhD thesis, I thought about what to do next. I had two options in mind: the first was to become a teacher, and the second was to do science communication. I had no idea where to start. Luckily, I got an interview call from a leading global publisher, they were setting up an editorial team in India. I gave the interview and was selected for the position. What began as a temporary arrangement has now spanned nearly a decade, and I absolutely love what I do.

2. Have you explored any other alternative careers outside of academia when you were doing your PhD?

I wasn’t eager to pursue a postdoctoral position right away. I was fascinated by science communication, but I had never applied for any positions in the field. Rather, teaching was a clearer option in my mind. I enjoyed tutoring MSc students during my PhD and was interested in teaching undergraduate students afterwards.

3. What challenges did you face when you transitioned from academia to being a journal editor?

The job of an editor was a completely new experience for me, but it did use a lot of my strengths and experiences. Until now, I only knew about publishing papers, but after I started working with publishers, I got involved in many back-end processes.

The process of article submission, peer review, and publication may seem very black and white from the outside. I realised that the process involves a hundred people and requires managing the expectations of internal stakeholders, researchers, and professors. The transition was difficult, but interesting.

4. Can you talk about your responsibilities as a journal editor, and what would your typical day look like?

I am no longer working as a journal editor, but while I was working with a leading global publisher, I handled a couple of journals. Regular communication with the editorial board, especially with the editor-in-chief, looking at the back-end processes, and coordinating with the editorial office and production staff was part of my job.

I was also involved in other things like a new journal takeover, setting up new sections for special issues, and looking into ethical issues such as handling retractions. We kept abreast of trending areas of research and designed the themes accordingly.

5. What prompted your switch from the editorial section to the marketing role?

I feel very lucky to be part of the marketing team, as it is a very different sort of exposure. Before joining the marketing team, I was a Commissioning Editor with the STEM Books Editorial team at Taylor & Francis Group. Currently, I am responsible for the overall submission of articles from South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. I am working closer than ever with the researchers to understand the funding and research landscape, looking at which areas of research are growing.

We are also focusing on research capacity building in India and Africa, collaborating with organisations such as the Association of African Universities. We assist these research groups by providing training in research publications, as a major issue in this region is low acceptance rates. We guide them in selecting the appropriate journal and making high-quality submissions, minimising the chance of desk rejection.

6. How does your typical day look in the marketing room?

My previous roles as an editor were external facing, where I was continuously conversing with academicians and authors. But in this role, there is a good balance between engaging with internal and external stakeholders. Now, I manage a team that requires substantial internal coordination and working with different verticals within the organisation.

We do extensive data analysis to track how our articles perform across the research landscape, looking at the funding landscape, and understanding trends in research.

My job involves a significant amount of management and strategising.

7. How do the skills that you picked up during your PhD contribute to your jobs in the publishing industry?

I think they helped me immensely. When I was hired for my first role as acquisitions editor, my peers within the organisation perceived me as a completely new person with a different background, suddenly being put into an editorial front-facing role. I believe that my years of research training and experience in data analysis have equipped me with problem-solving skills that are useful in troubleshooting various issues.

Academic publishing involves assessing the academic and funding landscape and engaging with researchers, which I did in my PhD. I think that is the biggest transferable skill I have. I am now working with pain points like APC (article processing charge) and article rejections that I experienced as a student, making them more relatable.

8. What would your advice be to PhD students or those who have recently graduated and are exploring career options outside of academia or in the publishing industry?

Having a good understanding of available options helps a lot. I did my PhD a decade ago, and things were very different then. Now, we are more aware of careers outside of academia, often referred to as non-traditional careers.

I think knowing exactly where your skills can take you opens many avenues. Connecting with people working in those areas also helps. When I saw the job description at Taylor and Francis Group, I tried connecting with editors working there to learn more about their work. After assessing it, I determined if I would be able to do the same.

I think networking by attending conferences during my PhD helped me a lot.

Back then, I had applied for the Welcome Trust Fellowship to attend a course on protein-protein networks at the Wellcome Sanger Institute . Though I didn’t get the grant, I decided to invest my own money in it and go there. That exposure helped me understand what PhD students from other regions and fields are doing. I suggest keeping your eyes and ears open and network.

9. What was the most exciting moment in your career?

As I told you earlier, for the past year we have been working with research groups in Africa and India as part of our research capacity-building program. We teach them about journal article submissions, research integrity, and preparing them for a career in research. After talking to more than 12,000 researchers across these regions, we have received feedback indicating how much the participants appreciated the programme, and some even reached out to us to say that they have gained a lot.

It feels very meaningful to help researchers in their early careers do better in their research and contribute to academia. Many of the students do get back with queries; sometimes I may not be able to answer them, but I try my best to help.

10. What is the best advice you have ever received?

The best advice I've received is to be open to feedback but also discerning about its source. Not all feedback is equal, and understanding where it comes from can make it more valuable. Evaluating feedback thoughtfully is far more beneficial than getting defensive.

It takes real strength to receive and give feedback constructively, and doing so is key to growth.

Dhananjay Huilgol, a Senior Research Associate at Duke University, United States of America (USA) has completed his Integrated PhD with Shubha Tole, Professor, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai on identifying neuronal migrations in the mouse olfactory system. He later joined Z Josh Huang’s laboratory for postdoctoral training at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), USA to study the progenitor basis of neuronal diversification in the mammalian brain. In this article, he shares his story of the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (BBRF) Young Investigator Grant.

The motivation

Many PhD students in India strive for a postdoctoral training abroad to expand their horizons. However, there are limited fellowship/grant opportunities for Indian nationals doing their postdoc internationally, particularly in the United States (US). Even fewer fellowships are available beyond the first couple of years post-PhD. The Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (BBRF) Young Investigator Grant (formerly, National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders (NARSAD) grant) provides a launchpad for early career neurobiologists and psychiatrists to obtain preliminary results for a larger grant in their independent position.

I was in the fourth year of my postdoctoral research in Huang lab, at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) when my previous fellowship had ended, and I had acquired preliminary data to understand the role of progenitors in the generation of excitatory neuronal diversity in the cerebral cortex. Cerebral cortex is the largest, most complex and evolutionarily recent region of our brains that has particularly expanded in mammals. Incidentally, this expansion is correlated with the increase of a new progenitor type, namely intermediate progenitors.

I wanted to study the role of intermediate progenitors in the amplification and diversification of neuronal types in the cerebral cortex. Josh Huang is an experienced and skilled geneticist, and we had developed a set of mouse lines targeting cortical progenitors and mature excitatory neurons using the gene knock-in strategy. This developmental genetic approach enabled me to perform fate mapping and begin to understand the relationship between progenitors and neuronal diversity.

The challenges

Despite the focus of BBRF Young Investigator Grants on mental health disorders, a considerable number of grants were awarded to scientists from basic research background. There were two challenges I faced while articulating my ideas:

1. Identifying a neurological or psychiatric disorder that has neurodevelopmental origins based on my expertise in fundamental research. This required a longer time investment and background reading. Based on my preliminary data, I decided to propose two aims on a condition with roots in cortical progenitors and fate specification, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Literature survey and preliminary data are essential for any proposal; however, a lot of targeted discussions were essential to formulate my ideas. Therefore, I approached previous BBRF awardees and faculty with focus on neurodevelopmental disorders that helped me crystallise my thoughts.

2. Fitting a well written two-year proposal along with future goals in a two-page proposal. This part is more of an execution of a well-planned proposal on paper, and therefore required lesser time. The application process also required a scientific summary, lay abstract and biodata curated for understanding neurodevelopmental disorders. It required a logical flow between my basic research and my long-term goal of understanding the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders.

While the funding from the BBRF grant paid only partially for my postdoctoral salary, it bolstered my network in both fundamental neuroscience as well as application-based research.

I was privileged to be a part of the network of scientists funded by BBRF and it increased the visibility of my work among my peers internationally.

I am currently in the job market for faculty positions and my work on this grant helped me lay the foundation for ideas for my own research program.

Tips for a successful BBRF proposal

The awardees of the BBRF grant must be senior early career researchers working in a US lab. The proposal for the BBRF young investigator grant must be relevant to a mental health disorder, a list of which is provided by the foundation. If your experience is limited to fundamental research, it requires a few years of preliminary data and reading that makes a proposal relevant to a neuroscience or psychiatric disorder.

The proposed project needs to be ambitious, novel and/or must use unique technical approaches that can highlight the suitability of your application for a mental health grant.

The IBRO-Dana Brain Awareness Week (BAW) Grant, a prestigious initiative funded by the International Brain Research Organization (IBRO) and the Dana Foundation, supports exceptional neuroscience outreach projects with a generous grant of $1,250. Annually inviting applications in September through October, this grant empowers hosts to promote education and awareness in brain sciences through innovative events. In 2019, my co-organiser Vyoma Shah and I were honoured to receive this grant, which enabled us to organise an engaging online event featuring talks, competitions, workshops, and exciting giveaways.

India’s public health system faces a growing burden of neurological disorders due to an ageing population. This, combined with the increasing global diagnoses of neuropsychiatric disorders such as Autism, Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and Bipolar Disorder, makes the need for wider awareness and public engagement more pressing than ever. Expanding public knowledge and fostering research is crucial, as these disorders affect millions worldwide.

This is where IBRO and the Dana Foundation come in, playing a pivotal role in fostering curiosity and public understanding of neuroscience through their monetary and non-monetary support. Through initiatives like the Brain Awareness Week (BAW) Grant, they drive efforts to promote education and awareness in brain sciences, nurturing the relationship between scientific exploration and societal understanding.

Science communication: Focus and formats

The BAW Grant is specifically intended for science communication and public education and does not apply to scientific communication initiatives such as conferences, workshops, or training sessions.

When designing a programme, it's essential to consider the audience you wish to impact, which may include professionals, students from various disciplines, parents, and school children. The grant is keen to support initiatives that effectively bridge the gap between scientific research and public understanding about the brain, especially in communities challenged by a lack of resources and support.

While the goal is to enhance public interest and comprehension of neuroscience the programme design should ensure that there is meaningful engagement, and that scientific knowledge reaches and resonates with the target audience. An example of this could be a program of hosting a neuroscience fair at a university for school students, providing them with an opportunity to interact directly with researchers and explore their work. Alternatively, a session could be organised for mid-career professionals, focusing on early onset signs of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and other conditions, along with practical advice on precautions and how to seek help.

Previously supported grants have featured a range of engaging formats, including popular science talks, interactive stalls, games, and workshops. These initiatives have successfully captured the interest of non-specialist audiences, with a special emphasis on engaging children. However, I would encourage you to think beyond just younger audiences, and explore communities that will have a lasting impact from public engagement.

This could be achieved through:

1. Events: Organising popular science talks, interactive stalls, games, and workshops. These events should foster direct interaction with the public, offering hands-on experiences and opportunities for meaningful engagement with neuroscientists and their research.
2. Media: Producing engaging science podcasts, videos, and other multimedia formats. These should be designed to captivate and inform a broad audience through compelling storytelling and accessible presentation of scientific concepts.

The BAW event I hosted during the pandemic provided a unique opportunity for individuals to connect virtually with eminent researchers through engaging talks and with scientific content through interactive games. Despite webinars being a relatively new format at the time, we saw a diverse audience ranging from 16 to 70 years old participating in our week-long events.

The pandemic context heightened the relevance of our program, as participants gained valuable insights into clinical disorders, such as depression, which were becoming increasingly prevalent. I believe that the awareness, coupled with the engaging formats (quiz, giveaways etc), made the event particularly impactful.

Designing an impactful BAW proposal

Here are a few suggestions on proposing a programme that aligns with the expectations of the grant.

1. Identify your primary audience and set clear goals: Begin by identifying your primary audience and establishing clear objectives for your event. For example, if your event features talks and lab visits, consider who is most likely to attend and how these activities will benefit them. Think about how these elements will engage your audience and the impact they will have. Also, reflect on what the grant reviewers will be looking for. Ensure that you can substantiate your claim of effectively reaching and serving your target demographic. This might involve showcasing how the event addresses the specific interests and needs of your audience within the Indian context, such as regional educational gaps or local community concerns, and how it will create a significant impact on them.
2. Designing the event: Once you have a clear understanding of your audience, focus on designing a program that effectively achieves your goals. Take into account the infrastructure of your institution or organisation, leveraging the knowledge held by your department or team. Explore the potential use of facilities such as Electroencephalogram (EEG), Electromyogram (EMG), eye-tracking devices, or any other available resources. Exposure to such technologies can be both intriguing and educational for novice audiences. Collaborate with your team to explore research areas that align with the interests of your target audience.
3. Timing and Planning is key: Make sure your event is scheduled at a time that fits your audience’s needs. For instance, early mornings might work best for school students, while evenings could be more convenient for working adults. Show that you understand your audience by choosing a time that aligns with their schedules. Thoughtful planning is also crucial to ensure the event isn’t overwhelming or exhausting, helping everyone stay engaged and comfortable throughout.
4. Budget: Make sure to use your budget to create a comfortable and welcoming event for everyone. It's important to include accommodations that improve accessibility for disabled participants and add engaging recreational elements to keep your audience interested. Beyond the core needs of your program, consider setting aside funds for refreshments, hiring a sign language interpreter, or investing in a paid subscription for better user experience.
5. Feedback and evaluation: Incorporate mechanisms for feedback and evaluation throughout the event. This will not only help individuals planning similar events for this audience in the future but will also provide valuable insights for your grant report.

Some things to keep in mind:

• Affiliation with an institution or organisation: Ensure that you are affiliated with an institution or organisation, as this significantly enhances the likelihood of being selected.

• Eligibility for students in Masters or younger: Students pursuing their Masters or Bachelors can apply as primary grantee. Having your professor’s name as the primary grantee may not necessarily increase the chances of selection unless they have relevant outreach experience.

Impact of the grant on a neuroscience career (for students)

While the grant may not immediately appeal to those who aren't interested in outreach or science communication, it offers substantial benefits for advancing your academic and professional journey.

1. Developing communication skills: The grant provides a unique chance to hone essential communication skills by engaging with a non-specialist audience. Mastering the ability to convey complex scientific concepts in an accessible way can set you apart as a researcher and give you a competitive edge for your PhD or Post-Doc applications.
2. Boosting your academic career: Securing a grant for public engagement during your Master’s or PhD program can significantly enhance your scientific career. It can open doors to valuable networking opportunities and connections with prestigious organisations within and outside the scientific community such as IBRO and The Dana Foundation.
   

While the grant may not align with everyone’s interests, its impact on skill development and academic advancement is considerable. For me, the grant served as a crucial stepping stone into the professional public engagement space. It provided me a chance to explore skills beyond traditional academia and collaborate with a talented team from the Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, the Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences (CBCS), and the National Forensic Sciences University, all of whom share a passion for public engagement and making a meaningful impact.

1.What initially drew you to explore alternative photography processes, and what specifically sparked the 'Soft-Earth' project?

I was captivated by the resurgence of alternative photography processes, particularly in France where I was studying photography. The Soft-Earth project was ignited by my desire to breathe new life into my older photos, a unique perspective amidst the social media frenzy urging constant content production. I sought to view my images differently, offering them a fresh perspective and a novel existence through this project, which incorporates real living organisms.

2. How is ‘Soft-Earth’ different from your other art projects?

While I've delved into alternative processes in the past, exploring intersections between science and art, it was the first time I utilised living organisms for a project. In a way, it felt more like a collaboration with these living organisms. Unlike previous ventures, this art is food-grade and delves into the dynamic and unpredictable nature of living art.

Moreover, this project has instilled a newfound sense of patience in me. In contrast to most photo projects with instant results, the 'Soft-Earth' project requires a waiting period of almost 2-3 days for outcomes. The element of unpredictability adds a unique dimension; success is not guaranteed, but errors are. However, the errors are intriguing in their own right, even if they don't find a place in the final project.

3. Can you elaborate on the technical aspects of this process? How do you control UV light exposure and choose which photographs or stencils to use?

The technique was originally shared by Bioart Club pavillon_35 in Vienna, Austria, during a workshop organised by the Finnish Bioart Society. Their website offers various recipes to try out. The fundamental theory is straightforward: a foundation of yeast arranged on a medium, forms the basis of the image. UV light exposure, which can take up to three days, selectively eradicates the yeast, leaving behind an imprint. This leads to the formation of a monochrome image that gradually fades as the yeast, along with any fungi, consume the medium and thrive on the living canvas. It's important to highlight that I conduct the project in my home. This is in contrast to the recipes provided by the club mentioned earlier and I recognise that the environment in my home is not completely sterile.

In terms of selecting photographs or stencils, I often use my old photos and experiment with various stencils made from materials like tape, occasionally incorporating illustrations.

Although I’ve tried other subjects, certain subjects like faces seem to work better than others, as they are more easily identifiable to the human eye. The process involves a degree of trial and error, with some images turning out better than others in the end. It's a dynamic and experimental approach that adds an element of unpredictability to the final outcomes.

4. How does the living aspect of yeast influence your creative process and the final artwork?

The living aspect of yeast significantly influences both my creative process and the final artwork. It adds a captivating dimension as the canvas is in a constant state of evolution. Even as the creator, I remain continually fascinated by its dynamic nature.

However, while the unpredictability is intriguing, it comes with a drawback of slowing down the project. This unique characteristic has compelled me to approach this particular project differently compared to others; it requires a more deliberate and patient pace.

5. Have you experienced any unexpected challenges or surprising outcomes while working with fungi?

Certainly, working with fungi in this project has presented unexpected challenges and surprising outcomes. The trial-and-error nature of the project has led to a variety of experiences.

In the early stages of the project, I encountered some mold growing in the dish. Unaware of what I was seeing, I made the mistake of inspecting it closely without wearing protective gear, which may have resulted in me falling sick. Learning from this incident, I now prioritise ample protective gear, taking the precautions seriously.

On another occasion, I discovered larvae in my petri dishes. Surprisingly, as they moved through the yeast mixture, they left behind tracks that I found beautiful. These unexpected occurrences add both challenges and unexpected beauty to the creative process.

6. What message or emotion do you hope viewers take away from your 'Soft-Earth' project?

In every breath we take, unseen spores surround us—ubiquitous, both beneficial and potentially harmful. The project employs fungi as an ancient technology, drawing parallels between their role in the ecosystem and the interconnected systems of our planet. Ultimately, I hope the Soft-Earth project prompts a shift in how people view and appreciate the often underestimated but crucial world of fungi and microorganisms.

Through the Soft-Earth project, my aim is for viewers to perceive fungi and microorganisms in a new light, challenging the common perception of them as small or insignificant. Often underestimated due to their size, we tend to overlook their inherent power and beauty.

7. How do you see the 'Soft-Earth'project contributing to the larger conversation between humans and the microbial world?

By portraying microorganisms in a different light, challenging the perception of them as small or insignificant, the project aims to reshape how people view this unseen world. Ultimately, it adds depth to the ongoing conversation about the intricate relationships between humans and the microbial realm, emphasising the significance of these often-underestimated organisms in the larger interconnected web of life.

8. What are your thoughts on the intersection of science and art? Can the two disciplines inform and inspire each other?

Both realms share interconnected elements, and there is always an inherent scientific aspect in art and vice versa.. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, M.C. Escher, Paul Klee, and others exemplify this synergy, incorporating scientific principles into their creative works.

Similarly, scientific breakthroughs can also be considered works of art; for instance, the revelation of the double helix structure of DNA by James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin in 1953 is often seen as a masterpiece of scientific art. The intersection of these disciplines opens avenues for innovative thinking and a holistic approach to understanding and addressing complex challenges.

9. What is your perspective on the current landscape of science-art in India based on your experience with you soft-earth project?

I've come across some intriguing initiatives in the science art landscape in India, most recently the Critical Zones exhibition by the Goethe Institute. While these efforts are noteworthy, I hope to witness them occurring more frequently and expanding in number. Additionally, I look forward to the emergence of more dedicated communities focused on the intersection of science and art in India. As an artist with a limited scientific background, I also anticipate increased collaboration between artists and individuals actively involved in scientific fields.

10. What advice would you give aspiring artists exploring unconventional approaches to bridge art and science?

For aspiring artists seeking to explore unconventional approaches at the intersection of art and science, I suggest considering two perspectives. Firstly, amidst the exploration of futuristic technologies, there is great potential in reconnecting with traditional methods. In an era heavily reliant on technology, the juxtaposition of modern and traditional approaches can yield intriguing and thought-provoking outcomes.

Secondly, a crucial aspect is the cultivation of keen observational skills. As humans, we often erect barriers between our spaces and the natural world, distancing ourselves from its elements. By embracing both the modern and the observational, aspiring artists can navigate unconventional paths that seamlessly bridge the realms of art and science, fostering innovative and impactful creation.

I am a researcher at Fakir Mohan University (FMU), Odisha, with interests in the structural and functional genomics of insects and molluscs, with a special reference to their innate immunity. I have been working in this area for more than ten years. Currently, I am working on the visceral mass transcriptome of the Indian freshwater mollusc, Lamellidens marginalis, to unravel transcripts relevant for innate immunity, growth and reproduction. This species is widely cultivated for freshwater pearl production in the country.

With support from an FMU seed grant, we have developed a catalogue of genomic and genetic information for the mollusc. With the raw datasets submitted to the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), we are now working on divulging orthologs and novel gene signatures in innate immune signalling cascades such as the Toll, Immune Deficiency (IMD), and Janus kinases-signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK-STAT) pathways.

The flip side of my failure

I had previously applied for the EMBO practical course in genome sequencing, assembly, and downstream analyses to be held at Valencia Polytechnic University (UPV), Valencia, Spain. However, my application was rejected. The practical course would have assisted my endeavour and future research interests in studying the genome of non-model species and setting-up a state-of-the-art mollusc genomics centre at FMU with the support from national and international collaborators. Especially with the inclination of the state of Odisha in nurturing the 'blue economy' and creating entrepreneurship opportunities in marine biotechnology, the mollusc genomics centre at FMU was projected to create cross-talk between academia, research, and industry.

Despite the rejection, organisers of the practical course lauded my efforts, acknowledged my application, and recommended I consider the 'Establishing state-of-the-art mollusc genomics workshop' to be held at the University of Namur, Belgium and supported by the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO). I applied for the travel fellowship for the workshop sponsored by EMBO, and received an award of Euros 1000 to attend the workshop. This workshop was under the application radar of 122 countries globally. In contrast to the practical course, this workshop was specifically for mollusc genomics professionals and specialists who are working sustainably to address the problems related to the complex mollusc genomes. These problems range from high-quality DNA extraction to assembling genomes that are heterozygous or repeat-rich. This workshop was exactly what I was looking for!

I submitted an abstract describing my previous and current research in the mollusc genomics domain and wrote a successful application. Further, I have been an active member of the 'European Reference Genome Atlas (ERGA)' for more than a year, and have been interacting with their experts and attending their webinars and meetings. I have also been actively involved with the 'Korean Threatened Species' initiative since 2015 and presently, I am a consultant for the Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization and Convergence Research Institute (KNAR) funded by the National Foundation of Korea and Ministry of Education.

During the workshop on mollusc genomics at Belgium, I discussed some challenges our team faced in data annotation. My presentation at the workshop was a perfect blend of my research for the Korean endangered molluscs and the Indian freshwater mollusc, L. marginalis. Currently, along with my colleagues, I have proposed a ‘Bio Big-Data analytics center’ at FMU in the next phase of funding support for a fool-proof sustainable research and development involving many stakeholders.

Tips for a successful application

For applying for a grant on such a focused workshop such as the one on molluscs, it is important to have scientific acumen and versatility in the specific research area with demonstrated publications and articles.

To make an EMBO travel grant successful, it is important to select the right EMBO opportunity that is inclined to your research. Other than young investigators, mid-career professionals and expert researchers in consortium projects are also eligible for many EMBO grants. In my case, I have been able to publish >25 highly acclaimed research articles in mollusc genomics in the last 10 years. This publication record would have been beneficial in achieving the travel award.

Collaborating with experts, being a member of consortia, and participating in focused studies make an application stronger for such prestigious grants.

I recently completed my PhD from the lab of Tamal Das, Associate Professor, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) Hyderabad, where I tackled a longstanding query regarding epithelial Golgi polarity shift during wound healing, a puzzle existing for over 50 years. Currently, as a postdoctoral researcher in the same lab, I am delving into the intricacies of hair follicle morphogenesis in mouse skin epithelium.

I am honoured to have been awarded the 2024 Rowland Fellowship by the Rowland Institute at Harvard, Cambridge, USA. I will be joining as the Rowland Fellow from December 2024.

About the Rowland Fellowship

This prestigious fellowship supports exceptional early-career experimental researchers across all scientific and engineering disciplines, enabling them to establish independent research groups in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

At the Rowland Institute at Harvard, I will work as a principal investigator, starting and leading my own laboratory with a dedicated space and substantial resources. This includes generous start-up funds for capital equipment tailored to my research needs, an annual budget starting at $225,000 for operational expenses such as lab supplies and travel, as well as for hiring personnel like postdoctoral fellows and undergraduates. The fellowship also provides a competitive salary allowing me to pursue innovative research in an interdisciplinary and collaborative environment.

Applying for the 2024 Rowland Fellowship

After submitting my application for the 2024 Rowland Fellowship, I was chosen as one of the ten finalists for the Rowland Fellowship interview. While the interview is always conducted in-person, I was allowed to appear for the interview online via Zoom, due to the challenges of visa requirements. The process was remarkably smooth, and the institute was exceptionally supportive and accommodating. What particularly inspired me about the Rowland fellowship was their emphasis on enabling fellows to lead independent teams and establish their own labs.

This opportunity marks a pivotal moment for young researchers aspiring to launch their own research initiatives and delve into topics of personal interest. After completing a PhD, researchers often want to pursue their areas of passion and gain further experience.

For those eager to lead their own teams, the Rowland Fellowship offers an excellent starting point.

Since I have been exposed to academic research, I always had a dream to set up my own lab and lead my own team. The Rowland Fellowship resonated with me, and I wanted to explore its requirements and opportunities. For me, this fellowship represents a path to not only conduct meaningful science but also to create an inspiring environment where my team and I can thrive together.

My success mantra for the Rowland Fellowship application:

I felt that two of the most important requirements for Rowland Fellowships were developing a good research idea and being passionate about running a team.

As a PhD graduate, you are trained to think critically and to ask fantastic questions, but taking on leadership responsibilities presents its own challenges. Running a productive research team and lab involves several key considerations. Firstly, it requires fostering collaboration among individuals with varying levels of research experience, guiding them to tackle intriguing scientific questions that resonate with all team members.

Secondly, it demands the ability to identify the essential requirements needed to address these questions, such as selecting appropriate experiments, tools, techniques, model systems, and recruiting the right team members. Additionally, it involves knowing when to collaborate with external experts on specific aspects of the work. Setting up a lab from scratch also entails structuring its operational needs, from daily equipment usage to specialised tools and time-dependent requirements, while effectively managing available funds.

During my PhD, I had the privilege of gaining invaluable experience in Das' lab, where I learned crucial aspects of lab setup, effective team collaboration, training new researchers, procuring equipment, and adapting to evolving research directions. Das also provided significant personal guidance, nurturing my interest in pursuing research and a career in academia.

Armed with this training and experience, I feel confident in my upcoming role as a Rowland Fellow to lead a team of passionate researchers. It may feel a bit overwhelming currently, but I’m sure the role will be quite exciting.

When aiming for the Rowland Fellowship, young researchers must emphasise their ability to think logically and critically about the trajectory their proposed hypothesis will take over the span of 4-5 years. They should be ready to adapt as the hypothesis develops. This fellowship spans five years, offering ample opportunity to maximise its potential. When faced with challenges, it's crucial to seek guidance from peers and mentors.

One can move a mountain alone, but it is much easier with a little bit of guidance from the right people.

Debabrata Dutta, currently a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, holds the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship. In 2024, he was recommended for funding under the prestigious Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Postdoctoral Fellowship (MSCA-PF) by Horizon Europe for his project WHEAT-Doctor (WHEAT-DR) at the Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, UK. This fellowship will be funded by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the 'Horizon Europe guarantee'.

Hailing from West Bengal, Dutta developed a profound love for plant science and nature, inspired by a local wildlife sanctuary. After completing his PhD on the improvement of the oilseed crop – sesame, from Bose Institute in Kolkata, Dutta's expertise has taken him to esteemed international institutions such as University College Dublin in Ireland, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), and the University of York in the UK. His transformative journey from a small town in West Bengal to a (MSCA-recommended and UKRI-funded) fellowship at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh is inspirational.

The journey to securing the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Postdoctoral Fellowship

In tackling the pressing global challenge of feeding an anticipated 10 billion people by 2050, my project, WHEAT-DR, focuses on mitigating crop losses, particularly in bread wheat plagued by the fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici (Z. tritici). This endeavour seeks to unravel the natural resistance mechanisms inherent in wheat, with a specific emphasis on key defense-related genes—TaSSP6, TaSSP7, and TaSRTRG6. The project involves exploring the genetic diversity within these genes, their contribution to disease resistance and understanding interactions with Z. tritici's effectors.

In this way, WHEAT-DR aspires to advance knowledge and potentially revolutionise breeding strategies for disease-resistant wheat varieties, reducing pesticide use and ensuring global food security. Thus WHEAT-DR corresponds with the goal of sustainable agriculture in the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). By striving to develop wheat varieties with disease resistance, the project contributes to achieving Zero Hunger (UN SDG 2), ultimately benefitting vulnerable populations and citizens, including women. Thus WHEAT-DR fits perfectly with the second Horizon Europe strategic plan.

The meticulous journey to the MSCA-PF offer was a substantial endeavour, spanning nearly three months, during which I crafted a comprehensive project proposal. Under the guidance of Angela Feechan, renowned molecular plant pathologist and associate professor at Heriot-Watt University, the application took form. The extensive effort invested in the project was validated when the proposal received an outstanding evaluation score of 98.20%. Despite my foundational background in botany, I ventured beyond conventional boundaries by proposing a multidisciplinary approach that integrated plant molecular biology, applied physics, and computational biology to achieve the project's objectives. My diverse experience working with various plant materials, including wheat, tobacco, and Arabidopsis, positioned me as a fitting candidate to execute the project successfully.

My consistent track record of securing research funding and being honoured with prestigious fellowships, such as the Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship, Newton-Bhaba Fellowship, and the French Research Residency Programme, significantly bolstered my credibility and left a positive impression on potential funders. The evaluators acknowledged,

The researcher has a well-developed educational background, including relevant international experience and collaborations, as well as reviewer tasks and awards/scholarships. The researcher has highly relevant research experience and previous achievements in relation to the proposal. No weakness identified.

The fellowship will go beyond financial support; the project WHEAT-DR provides me the opportunity to strengthen our collaboration with Cyrille Saintenac, a scientist at INRAE, France. Saintenac specialises in resistance gene mining in wheat against fungal pathogens. Along with his expertise, he also provides valuable resources for the WHEAT-DR project, including a unique collection of Triticum genetic entities at INRAE.

WHEAT-DR provides the opportunity to attend conferences such as the World Agri-Tech Innovation Summit in London where I can network with Industry and policymakers. As a part of the fellowship I will be participating in various workshops including professional development skills session offered by the Heriot-Watt University. Moreover, I look forward to engaging in communication activities such as the MSCA European Researchers’ Night and the Edinburgh Science Festival to showcase the societal relevance of science and molecular plant pathology for food security. As often said, one grant leads to another. In future, I will think of applying to highly ambitious calls, like the ERC.

Who, what, and where, by what help, and by whose;

Why, how, and when, doe many things disclose.

-Thomas Wilson, The Arte of Rhetorique (1560)

When applying for the MSCA-PF hold onto those crucial queries "Who? What? Where? By what means? Why? How? When?" in mind. Allow these questions to guide your choices, whether selecting a host organisation or composing your proposals. Addressing today's intricate global challenges requires interdisciplinary science. To ensure clarity, it's crucial to articulate the interdisciplinary nature of your project. Explain which domains you're integrating and why, detailing how each contributes to achieving the project's objectives.

Clearly and comprehensively convey your project's objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.

Remember that MSCA-PF goes beyond the project; it's about your career development. Adhere strictly to the guidelines and utilise the MSCA guidebook for precision. Achieving a well-balanced score in each category is crucial; avoid overwriting or underwriting any section. The evaluators focus not only on the project's excellence but also on its impact and successful implementation. Also, strive for clarity and coherence throughout, aligning your proposal with the MSCA's emphasis on both project quality and your career advancement. MSCA-PF applications undergo thorough evaluation by experts and consider applicants at various career stages, right from fresh PhDs to those with many years of postdoctoral experience. Early career researchers are encouraged to apply with novel ideas, fostering growth and innovation.

1) I heard your talk at the NPDS 2023 at Ashoka University, Sonepat. Can you tell me more about what you do?

My role at Elsevier is communications manager for STM Journals. My role focuses on developing and executing our author communications strategies. It involves understanding their needs, developing learning modules, informing them about our publishing support, and much more about our work towards building a better future. I also manage communications for Atlas Awards.

At NPDS 2023, I highlighted the vital role of Inclusion and Diversity (I and D) in health and research and some of the initiatives Elsevier is spearheading. It was intended to motivate young researchers to incorporate I and D approaches into their research and institutes.

2) Can you tell us more about your career trajectory from research to visual art and communication management? And how did you navigate the same?

I did my PhD at the Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, under the guidance of Anurag Agrawal and two other mentors, Balaram Ghosh, and Mabalirajan. I studied the mechanism of steroid-resistant asthma and thoroughly enjoyed my research journey despite the hardships. With 10+ publications, I was determined to pursue research as a career. I joined Rakesh Mishra's lab at the Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad, with the Nehru Science Postdoctoral Fellowship. After 3 months, due to personal obligations, I decided to return to Delhi and take a break from active research.

In this recess, I wanted to make use of my time honing new skills. I enrolled myself in the Sri Aurobindo Centre of Arts and Communications (SACAC) for six months to learn graphic design. Once my viva and exhibition were over, I applied what I learned to scientific projects, such as poster designs, logos, and science branding. I enjoyed visualisation, and today I can’t point out when this ‘intermission’ turned into a full movie. Although I started as visual science communicator, my role as a communications officer at the Lancet and Financial Times Commission Governing Health Futures 2030: Growing up in a digital world allowed me to branch out into written communication along with website management.

I ventured into social media and global report launch communications and engagements. That’s when it dawned on me that a combination of visual art and communication is what I am most interested in. At Elsevier, I continue to design communication materials for internal and external use. This skill comes very handy and helps me to generate an end-to-end product – create content and apt visuals.

Knowledge is never wasted, and the most gratifying part is that I can apply all that I have learned in the past 15 years in my current role from science to design.

3) What does your typical workday look like?

The most exciting thing about my work is that it doesn’t look the same every day, just like my PhD days. Simply put, most of the time I create social media messages and visuals and analyse their effectiveness. Since my role involves collaboration with internal and external stakeholders, there are many meetings for brainstorming strategy, reflecting, decision-making, and arriving at action points which is exciting.

My favourite activity among all is designing learning modules for Research Academy. I have constructed webinars on creating graphical abstracts and choosing the right plot for visualising data, and I am working on expanding the visual modules. Also, I work almost every day on Atlas Awards, which selects the best articles that support the Sustainable Development Goals. Reading the papers and communicating with authors from diverse fields is a very satisfying experience for me.

4) What inspired your transition from a background of PhD in the field of respiratory immunology to a career in communications?

In all honesty, it wasn’t an inspiration. I moved away from academia because of a personal crisis. I wanted to make the best of what I had. Incidentally, it happened so that I picked up an innate skill and merged it with my passion (science). If I must refer to it as inspirational, I would say that it was Anurag Agrawal who inspired me to realise my potential beyond research. Even during my PhD days, he would always say that my Ikigai was creating graphical abstracts and art around science. Along with the state-of-the-art instruments of our lab, he would proudly show the mini art exhibition on my desk to any visiting scientist. It meant the world to me when he said I would make a good scientist and he would be proud if I pursued it! When I decided to take a break, he provided the most conducive environment for me to thrive.

I also feel grateful to Rakesh Mishra for supporting me. When he first saw my graphical abstracts, he said, I should pursue Science Communication, and I grinned “I want to become a scientist”. But the day, I told him I wanted to discontinue my Postdoc, he provided me with all the confidence and support I needed.

In a nutshell, I was inspired by Anurag, Rakesh, Mitali Mukerji, and SK Brahmachari's faith in my natural ability for science communication.

5) What advice would you give to aspiring scientists or researchers who are interested in incorporating visual communication into their work but might not have a background in design?

Unlike art, which is about expression and freedom, design is more scientific and methodical. It involves theories, principles, and a research-like approach to problem-solving. When it comes to learning or mastering a skill, there is NO shortcut!

While one can continue to learn on the job, it is mandatory to understand the basics so that you can build on them eventually. Unfortunately, in India, you cannot go back to graduation after a certain age but thanks to the internet there are many online courses (Coursera and Udemy) and some offline as well (SACAC). In addition, one can read textbooks and follow good work and trends. Creating fonts, understanding colour, and mastering design thinking develops creativity. It becomes easier to blend science and visual communication when you understand the fundamentals of each.

6) During this entire journey, what do you consider your biggest successes? What have these taught you?

I consider my greatest achievement to be overcoming my personal crisis without succumbing to it. Instead, I remained focused on my goals and pursued my passion for science and research with slighter tweaks. The fact that I could turn challenges into opportunities and problems into possibilities transformed me. I have learnt multitudinous valuable lessons. I had the opportunity to push the boundaries and go out of my comfort zone. I ventured into new fields such as graphic design, policy, and ethics, and identified topics that inspire me, like Inclusion and Diversity and supporting young people. I feel content that I learnt by doing and falling over. And a book that particularly inspires me to stay positive and motivated is Mind full to Mindful by Om Swami. I highly recommend this book to early career researchers.

7) How has your background in science academia informed or influenced your approach to communicating scientific information, particularly in engaging with authors and researchers?

Even though I do not use my lab skills, animal handling or cell culture abilities anymore but the skills that I learned such as asking questions, experiment designing, analysing results, time management, collaboration, and troubleshooting, come in handy in any role.

The customer experience approach recommends that we put ourselves in the customer's shoes to better understand their needs. Lucky for me, I never take off my research shoes and in fact I even wear a matching hat. Hence, I feel proud to inform our internal collaborators about what researchers need or think. For instance, what early career researchers need to know about the publishing journey, what kind of capacity can we build, what is most relevant to authors when they publish their work, etc. Now that I wear the publisher's hat, I also understand what it takes to publish a paper, a lot of arduous work by publishers. I believe that I serve as an effective link connecting publishers and researchers.

8) What message do you want to leave as a science communicator?

Science communication is nothing less than a superpower. To be able to explain your research to scientists and general public is immensely critical and fulfilling. There is absolutely no place for miscommunication or wrong communication. COVID-19 has taught us how important it is to state the facts in simplest language.

One of my favourite adages for anyone in science and research is ‘with great power comes great responsibility.’

I would say that science communicators must learn all the skills they need to make their communication effective. I find having knowledge about visual communications, social media, website management, public engagement, coding, policies, and ethics helps in developing concrete strategies. I would say, do not shy away from learning!

9) What is the best and the worst advice you have received?

A friend once said, “Your PhD is a doctorate in Philosophy and not a doctorate in immunology.” I understood that the wheel must keep rolling, and I must pass the baton on. This was very liberating because most Ph.D. students chase their ‘one last experiment’ before publishing or submitting. There is no such thing as one last experiment.

My better half always says, there are no what-ifs, there is only what's next, when I contemplate a strategy or execution turned wrong. I live by it!

I will not mention the negative advice, but what I learned from it; some advice for young Indian women researchers who contemplate shaping their careers around social norms. Only you should decide what and how should your career look like. It's important to follow your heart and respect your own dreams. Only when you prioritise your own aspirations will those around you value them. Always remember that if you have come this far, you have the potential to achieve great things.

10) Do you have a favourite visual art/communication work you are most proud of?

No favourites but I like a few for their conceptualisation. Litchi disaster, Diaries of digital childhood, Scientist’s stamps, Mutation typography, and Mitochondria in Van Gogh.

1) You recently shifted to a new role as a Quality Operations - Specialist at Novartis, Hyderabad. Can you tell me more about your work?

I commenced my professional journey in the industrial sector at Panacea Biotech in Chandigarh, where my role centred on Quality Control. Subsequently, I transitioned to Kemwell Biopharma Pvt. Ltd. in Bengaluru, where I embarked on a new phase within the Quality Assurance department.

I bring a wealth of experience in the healthcare sector, with a strong focus on pharmaceuticals, primarily in the domains of Quality Control and Quality Assurance. In my role in Quality Control, I’ve been responsible for overseeing various laboratory-based activities, including drug quality testing, ensuring compliance with regulatory guidelines, conducting laboratory validations, and implementing stringent compliance measures. My responsibilities within Quality Assurance have centered on upholding comprehensive quality standards, including safety, identity, strength, purity, and the overall quality of the products.

Currently, I am part of Novartis AG team, where my tasks entail managing product-related market complaints and handling of product recalls.

2) What inspired you to pursue a career in pharmaceutical industry?

To start with, it’s essential to know that my passion for science, particularly life sciences, has been a constant in my life. You could easily label me as a "curious cat" when it comes to this field. Before a career in pharmaceutical industry, in my academic journey, I pursued a Bachelor's in Biomedical Sciences from University of Delhi, and then a Master's in Biotechnology from South Asian University (SAU), New Delhi. Following the standard path, I also delved into a career in academic research.

But I always wanted to explore the industrial side of biotechnology. What intrigued me the most was the idea that the research conducted at the lab-bench could directly impact the lives of everyday people.

3) What does your typical work day look like?

In healthcare industry, a typical workday for me adheres to the conventional 9am to 6pm schedule. When, I was working in the Quality Control domain, my day was primarily centred on wet-lab operations, which involved cell culture practices and molecular biology testing. On the other side, my role in Quality Assurance provided me with the flexibility to work from various locations. In my present position at Novartis, I enjoy the flexibility to work according to my schedule, allowing me to explore remote work options. Additionally, Novartis has provided me with a platform to engage with individuals on a global scale.

4) Coming from a background in biomedical sciences and biotechnology, you made the deliberate choice to veer away from an academic path and venture into the industry. How did you decide to make this transition?

Much like many other industries, the pharmaceutical sector offers a diverse array of roles and domains for individuals to explore. These include areas like production (drug manufacturing), quality &integrity, regulatory authorities, and supply chain management to name just a few.

To answer your question, as I mentioned earlier, my insatiable curiosity about the industrial dimension of biotechnology led me to gravitate towards the industrial facet of pharmaceutics and the manufacturing industry in general. It was a deliberate choice to explore this path, driven by my fascination with how things are made in this field.

5) What advice would you offer to fresh masters graduates in life science who want to pursue a non-traditional career path?

It's a recognised issue that our education system, especially at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, tends to downplay the industrial aspects of drug manufacturing. The guidelines, specifications, and standard operating procedures (SOPs) followed in this critical process often receive inadequate attention. Also, the journey of a drug product, from wet lab research to large-scale industrial production, and its ultimate distribution with a focus on patient safety and well being, often remains a gap in our educational coverage.

To all the aspiring young individuals in the field of life sciences, I offer this advice:

Cultivate your curiosity and dare to step beyond the conventional career paths.

The healthcare industry is expansive, brimming with a multitude of uncharted opportunities waiting to be explored.

6) Are there any specific training programs or workshops you would recommend to help life sciences masters and PhD students to transition and adapt to the industry environment?

In the current scenario, several notable healthcare organisations are actively embracing and welcoming candidates who are eager to jumpstart their careers. Here are a few recommendations tailored to assist life sciences master's and PhD students in their transition to the industry environment:

• Biotech Industrial Training Program (BITP): Offered by Biotech Consortium India Limited (BCIL)and sponsored by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), BITP is an intensive industrial internship program lasting six months. To qualify, candidates typically undergo a written evaluation followed by an interview.
• Industry-Sponsored Internship Programs: Established entities like Biocon Biologics, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Novartis AG, and many others offer structured internship programs. These programs provide candidates with valuable insights into the various aspects of the industry, including drug product manufacturing, medical device production, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and related industry operations.

• LinkedIn and social media: In the digital age, the influence of social media is undeniable. LinkedIn, in particular, stands out as a promising platform for career development. It offers a plethora of relevant and up-to-date information, making it an excellent resource for networking, industry trends, and even discovering workshops/ training opportunities.

During my transition from core research to the industrial sphere, the notable obstacle I encountered was the lack of the right kind of advice and guidance.

Effective mentorship and access to appropriate platforms influence the way we perceive the access to the healthcare industry.

8) In academia, the focus is often on research and publications. How does the company evaluate and measure success for employees in industrial roles?

When it comes to evaluating and measuring success for employees in industrial roles, it's a bit like a buffet – it depends on the company’s business appetite at the moment!

In the pharmaceutical sector, as in many other industries, the driving force would be the pursuit of profits, and expansion of opportunities. Therefore from an employee's standpoint, success in an industrial role can be assessed through various factors, including meeting project goals, contributing to product development, adhering to quality standards, and demonstrating adaptability and problem-solving abilities.

9) During this entire journey, what do you consider your biggest successes? What have these taught you?

I'd venture to say that the grand finale is still waiting in the wings! But, my ability to adapt and remain focused on my core aspirations has always been my driving force. While there's still much to explore and learn, my unquenchable curiosity remains at the heart of it all.

Lastly but by no means least, the ability to pursue my passion is owed entirely to the constant support and belief my beloved family has in me. Thriving in the pursuit of science, especially finding my niche within the pharmaceutical industry, has unquestionably posed its fair share of challenges. Nonetheless, now that I savour the sweet fruits of those efforts, I’m nothing short of thrilled to continue my journey within the healthcare sector and leave a distinctive impact of my own.

10) What is the best advice you have received?

The best advice I've ever received is to stay as flexible as a contortionist in a yoga class and pounce on every opportunity that dares to tap on your doorstep!

1. I had the opportunity to hear you speak about social robots helping children learn during curiosity conference recently at IIT Gandhinagar. I am curious, could you elaborate more on what you do?

I study how people learn. Specifically, I am interested in what and how people learn when they make things. Whether it is making Lego or doing Origami or cooking, people learn when they make things. I am interested in understanding how that happens; what are the productive behaviours when people make, that allow them to learn. The goal is to then design learning environments that allow these productive behaviours to emerge, and help people learn. Social robots are one part of these learning environments - they can be a tutor or a facilitator providing the right guidance at the right time.

To give you an example, I love to bake. When I taught myself to bake, I would not only follow recipes detailing the steps but also understand the reasons behind each step and the importance of the sequence.

Occasionally, things would go smoothly, resulting in a delicious and well-presented cake. But, more often than not, despite careful planning, the cake would collapse or burn. It was in these moments of “failure” that I truly learned the art of baking. I would meticulously document what I believed went wrong, and on the next attempt, I would make changes and try again. This process allowed me to grasp the science behind baking, such as the delicate balance between protein, fat, and sugar. And ultimately, the world was a whole lot sweeter!

2. Can you share a pivotal moment or experience from your career journey that led you to your current role?

When I was a graduate student in Communications Engineering at The Ohio State University Columbus, I was the teaching assistant (TA) for a design project course. At the start of the course, the instructor had to set the specifications for the project, and he did that by making some estimations on a piece of paper lying on the desk. I was inspired by witnessing how he could perform what seemed to me a really complicated calculation so effortlessly.

Later in the semester, to better support the students, I spent a lot of time in the lab, making and re-making the project multiple times. It was through this experience that I learned what engineering was about — not only the application of scientific concepts but also experimentation, practical considerations and making estimations. Ironically, it was also through this experience that I realised my deeper interest in studying engineering learning and learning in general rather than engineering itself!

3. Transitioning from a background in communications engineering to educational technology and learning sciences is quite a leap. What inspired you to make this transition?

The foray into educational technology was somewhat by chance and faith. Given my interest in engineering learning but due to a lack of awareness of the learning sciences field, I was considering switching to a career in teaching engineering when I came across the Interdisciplinary Program in Educational Technology at Indian Institute of Technology Bombay. Discovering the kind of work happening there, I felt it would appeal to me. So, I approached a faculty there, who decided to take a chance and hire me as a research assistant. Within three months, I knew I was in the right place because I was excited about the role of technology in learning, and designing to help people learn better.

The decision to delve into the learning sciences happened after I read contemporary theories of science and engineering cognition. I felt a resonance with the curiosity from my communications engineering days - how do engineers work and learn - which inspired me to enter this field of research.

4. Your work focuses on technology-enhanced teaching-learning environments. Could you elaborate on a specific technology or tool that has had a significant impact on improving students' real-world problem-solving skills in your experience?

There is no technology or tool that can, by itself, improve students' real-world problem-solving skills. It is what students do — the quality of their interaction with the technology or the tool— that matters in improving students skills. For instance, as part of my PhD, I designed alearning environment called MEttLE to help engineering students learn estimation. What we found was that what distinguishes students who learned from those who didn’t is how they went about solving the estimation problem in MEttLE. Students who learned went through cycles of building models and reflecting, while those who did not learn went superficially through building models without reflecting.

Similarly, in other work with children trying to solve a minimum spanning tree problem in a learning environment called JUSThink, we found that teams who learned engaged in path-building actions, along with reflecting, while teams who didn’t learn, only performed path-building actions with much less reflection. So, the key lies in cycles of doing and reflecting. The question we should then ask is this: does the tool provide students the opportunities to have these quality interactions i.e. do and reflect?

5. Making and creativity seem to be central to your teaching philosophy. How do you strike a balance between structured curriculum and open-ended, creative exploration in your classroom?

Making and creativity are central to my classroom as well. The goals of my courses are that students should be able to analyse current learning experiences to identify what is and isn’t working, and design novel learning experiences that are likely to be more effective. The only way I know how to help my students achieve those goals is to make them analyse and design in my classroom!

Yes, we discuss concepts related to how people learn, but these discussions are interspersed heavily with activities that require students to be hands-on and minds-on by immediately applying the concepts to a small learning experience. The emphasis is not on the curriculum itself but on skills that I want students to take away at the end of the course.

6. Drawing from your own experiences, what advice would you give to young women who are aspiring to pursue careers in STEM fields, especially those that involve both technical and creative aspects?

In my experience women, especially young women, often demand perfection from themselves and feel like failure is the end of the world. That mindset is beneficial in a way because it reflects their hardworking and persistent nature. But it is also unsustainable.

My advice would be to become comfortable with tinkering and failing, and then standing up again.

I have found that it is important to accept that failure is a part of being human and own your failures as part of your life story. And when you stand up again, be observant, reflect on why you failed, and learn from it. Finally, be willing to adapt, and engage with the new path that has come your way.

7. During this entire journey, what do you consider your biggest successes? What have these taught you?

The ability to balance my multiple identities and interests – being a mom, a researcher, a cook, a friend, a writer and a woman - and embracing each identity wholly has been my greatest success.

I never shied away from any of them and made every attempt to grow each one of them through exploration of its facets. For instance, I took creative writing classes and joined a writing group to improve my craft. I dedicated hours to improve my cooking and baking skills. When my son was little, I devoted all my time and energy to provide him the space to explore and grow. This experience taught me that life cannot be compartmentalised, and our efforts to do so are counterproductive.

What we experience and learn from one role will always help us in other roles, so we must indulge and grow our interests. For instance, observing my son’s explorations inspired me to experiment with certain theories of cognition and learning, constantly improving my research.

8. In addition to your academic pursuits, I read that you’re interested in technical and creative writing. How do you find ways to merge these two seemingly different domains in your work and life?

Technical writing is my bread and butter as an academic. Being an academic means writing about your work, so it fits nicely with my interests. For creative writing, I took a few courses and there was a conversation in a creative nonfiction course regarding where one gets the material to write about. I like to think that my work and life is the muse for my creative writing - I live a life with multiple occupations to get material to write about! A poem is a way to express and process a difficult moment in life or work. An essay is a way to elaborate and think about a complicated decision. Ultimately writing is a tool to think and learn.

9. What is one change that, in your opinion, would hugely benefit aspiring women scientists?

A male professor, while advising me against considering a postdoc in a very prolific research group, told me it was a very “masculine” space and that “Masculinity inhibits cognition”. I think what he meant was that the research group’s culture emphasized abstractness, objectification, competition and control. In my opinion, having a culture in science that balances masculinity and femininity i.e. abstractness, objectification and control, balanced with collaboration and the recognition of subjective experiences and multiple paths to doing good science, would create a more inclusive environment for women in science, particularly for aspiring women scientists.

That said, I have been very fortunate that I have always been in - and continue to be in - such inclusive environments. So, such environments do exist, and I would encourage aspiring women scientists to not be discouraged by the existing scenario and seek out such inclusive environments.

10. What is the best advice you have received?

Decades ago, when I failed to clear the IIT-JEE, a very close family friend told me, “You are feeling sad because you are looking at your present, but the `master’ is looking at your future, and he sees something good.”

I am not very religious, but what I took away from her statement was this: don’t get bogged down by a present failure because there is a future, and that means there is hope.

This advice helped me get back up every time I failed and keep trying new things, and moving forward. This advice taught me to keep the faith.

1. What inspired you to pursue a career in marine biology?

I had an innate interest in science since young. At five, I asked my dad about the hidden wonders beneath the ocean, curious if it held more than just the fish, mussels, and lobsters I had seen on my plate. Throughout my school days, I tossed between pursuing medicine or environmental studies.

After earning a degree in Zoology, on one sunny day, I stumbled upon an advertisement for a Master’s course in Marine Biotechnology. Without hesitation, I met S. Lazarus, the institute head, who later became my doctorate supervisor. Despite his initial skepticism on if I could wait for a year, I enthusiastically committed to the program by embarking on my marine science journey in 1995 through a Postgraduate Diploma in Coastal Aquaculture.

2. What has been the most exciting research project in which you have been involved?

Throughout my career, I've had the opportunity to work on fascinating marine projects involving lobsters, octocorals, and sponges in places like India, the Maldives, Oman, and Australia. However, my current project as a Fulbright-Nehru Academic and Excellence fellow at Stony Brook University, New York, is the most striking. This project involves investigating the existing sponge microbiome and metagenomics over different latitudinal gradients. It will undoubtedly reveal fresh insights that can contribute to the advancement of ocean research.

3. Tell us more about your research as a Fulbright-Nehru Academic and Excellence fellow?

The sponge-microbe symbioses play a crucial ecological role. About 40-60% of marine sponge biomass comprises of microbes that contributes to host carbon metabolism. Furthermore, the symbionts of marine sponges almost mimic the functions of mammalian guts and plants. Despite their importance, the ecological factors and the functional potential of sponge microbiome remain a mystery. In Robert W. Thacker’s lab, we aim to investigate the specific sponge-microbe consortium, their ecological and biological functions, as well as the divergence and evolution of sponges across different latitudes.

This exploration involves utilising microbiome sequencing, metagenomics, and metabolomics techniques. Additionally, we plan to develop a comprehensive database on sponge systematics, including microbiome details of Indian and Long Island species. As a Fulbright-Nehru Academic and Professional Excellence fellow, in addition to grasping the advanced macromolecular analysis and eDNA techniques, I teach sponge systematics and Geographic Information System to scholars of the Ecology and Evolution department.

4. What are the intriguing facts about sponges and the importance of your taxonomy research?

Sponges are one of the ancient life forms on Earth and play essential functional roles in our oceans. They possess intriguing characteristics and are popular with their biomedical properties, especially in cancer research. Despite lacking complex organs, they exhibit unique features, such as diverse skeletal structures called spicules, which make them truly remarkable. As an exceptional filter feeder, they efficiently recycle nutrients and facilitate connections between different marine habitats. Their totipotent nature, adaptability to diverse ocean conditions, and flexibility to change shapes in response to adverse environmental conditions make them valuable subjects for climate change research. Hence understanding their taxonomy is tremendously imperative for any research on sponges.

Through SCUBA diving, I have been fortunate to explore pristine locations in South and Central-West India, including breathtaking islands like Lakshadweep and the Gulf of Mannar. As a taxonomist, I have documented and described numerous sponge species, some of which were previously unknown in India and discovered for the first time along the West Coast. However, what continues to astonish me is the puzzle of different sponge species exhibiting similar appearances but possessing distinct anatomies. This fascinating enigma never fails to captivate my attention in the realm of sponge taxonomy research.

5. What is your impression of marine biology research in India?

Peninsular India stands out as a remarkable hotspot for marine biodiversity due to its unique environment, currents, and wind patterns. The abundant resources present in India offer great potential for uncovering significant marine discoveries that can contribute to solving complex environmental challenges. However, it is important to note that most maritime expeditions and fish distribution studies conducted in India have focused on depths over 1100 meters.

Having had the opportunity to work in marine institutes and laboratories across various countries, I strongly believe that India needs to attract and support talented scientists who can lead marine research initiatives. With the Ministry of Earth Sciences' 'Deep Ocean Mission' in place, I am optimistic that several marine projects can be implemented to explore remote locations and greater depths of the Indian marine region. This would unveil the mysteries hidden within our ocean resources and align with international standards in marine research.

6. As the first Indian woman scientist with a diving certificate in 2003, tell us about your diving experience ?

It's interesting to note that I didn't know how to swim until I pursued my master's degree. However, driven by a sheer desire to explore the underwater world, I started enjoying being in the pool and the sea. Initially, my diving capabilities were limited to a depth of 20 meters with my first Open Water diving certification. Later on, I obtained an advanced certification in Maldives allowing me to dive upto 40 meters. At the current Rescue diver level (certified in Australia), I acquired additional skills as a marine researcher.

With over 300 research dives under my (dive) belt, each dive feels like a new life, and everything I encounter in the sea is cardinal to me. I fathomed that when we surrender ourselves to the water, there is an unimaginable oneness with the ocean. It is a sort of 'Water Meditation' in which we start observing life around us and feel like a tiny grain of sand in the vast ocean. The vastness of the ocean, its diverse flora and fauna, always serve as a reminder that there is so much more to discover, comprehend, and preserve for future generations.

7. How can a woman turn her passion into work and carve a niche in the field of science?

With determination and resilience, women have the power to transform their passions into fulfilling careers, even in the face of challenges. As a curious child, I enjoyed collecting shells, observing animal behaviour, and immersed myself in ocean documentaries on Animal Planet and Discovery channels. The vastness of the ocean enthralled me, and I often wondered if I could explore it myself. This childhood allure served as a driving force, motivating me to pursue a career in science as I grew older.

It is important to remember that when you focus on a particular desire, the universe responds to your stubborn determination. In my case, I could venture into the sea, explore its wonders and carve a niche in marine science.

8. Are there any Indian women scientists who have acted as your role models?

I am inspired by Janaki Ammal's ground breaking work in cytogenetics, Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw's entrepreneurial achievements in biotechnology, Kalpana Chawla's incredible journey as an astronaut, and Aditi Pant's trailblazing participation in the Indian Antarctic expedition—they all ignite my admiration.

9. What is one change that, in your opinion, would hugely benefit aspiring women scientists?

The attitude towards oneself and science is crucial. In conflicting debates or scenarios, whether at work, home, or within the family, it is important to adopt the mindset of an observer and absorb information like a "sponge." This does not imply that we should become passive receptacles for others' opinions. As women, we possess the strength to make well-founded decisions and channel our passion in a positive manner. This empowers us to reach limitless horizons, much like the vastness of the ocean.

Ships don't sink because of the water around them;
Ships sink because of the water that gets in them;
Don't let what's happening around you get inside you and bring you down.

10. As a scientist, how do you find yourself mentoring young women who want to work in the field of marine biology?

I am deeply passionate about supporting and guiding young women who aspire to leave their mark in the field of marine biology. I encourage them to step out of their comfort zones and pursue their dreams, as the realm of marine biology is vast and brimming with endless possibilities. It is truly astonishing to contemplate that we have only explored a fraction, less than 10 percent, of the ocean. This realisation leaves ample room for young researchers to embark on their own journeys in marine science.

As I sat with my friends, enjoying a cup of tea, an email arrived from my supervisor, informing me about the start of applications for the prestigious Australia India Research Students (AIRS) Fellowship 2023. I had always wished to work at a renowned global university in Australia, known for its diverse nano science research projects and a rich intercultural environment, so this opportunity seemed perfect. The following day, I met with my supervisor, and together we made the decision to pursue this fellowship. By a stroke of luck, our ongoing partnership with a scientist at The University of Queensland played a pivotal role, as they wholeheartedly embraced the idea and agreed to back our collaborative undertaking.

This program was jointly proposed in November 2019, at the fifth Australia India Education Council (AIEC) in Delhi, and was launched in August 2022 at the sixth AIEC meeting. The program receives funding from the Australian Government’s Department of Education and is managed by the Australia India Institute. Typically, the application for this fellowship opens in October, and the selected fellows are required to complete their fellowship within a specified timeframe of 4 to 8 weeks as part of the AIRS program.

Since I am part of the very first cohort of AIRS fellowship awardees, I am yet to begin my fellowship, which will start soon. I will be working with my collaborator Andrew Whittaker's group at Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN). This fellowship has opened numerous doors for me, offering invaluable resources and endless prospects for personal and professional development. It will provide me with essential tools, mentorship, and a collaborative platform with researchers from Australia and India.

The AIRS Fellowship offers a remarkable opportunity for individuals seeking exposure, expertise, and invaluable research experience in Australia. This initiative aims to facilitate a balanced exchange of early-career researchers and research students between Australia and India, promoting a harmonious flow of knowledge and expertise.

Here I break down the application process for prospective applicants:

Are you eligible to apply?

• Both, Indian and Australian citizens are eligible to apply for the AIRS fellowship.
• However, only higher education institutions based in India with established engagement activities with Australian institutions are only eligible to apply for this program. A memorandum of agreement (MOU) for academic cooperation between Indian and Australian institutions can serve the purpose.
• The fellowship is open to master's students, doctoral research students, and post-doctoral scholars enrolled at eligible institutions.
• The fellowship must be completed at an eligible institution in Australia.

Propose a suitable research project

If you meet the eligibility criteria, the next step in the application process for the AIRS Fellowship is to find a suitable research project. Take your time to explore various research areas that interest you and align with your academic background and career goals. Look for projects that align with the research interests of the collaborating Australian institution and have the potential to contribute to your thesis or an existing research project.

• Structure a well-defined defined research proposal that clearly outlines the objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes of your project. This proposal should demonstrate your understanding of the research area and your ability to conduct independent research.
• Ensure that your application includes a well-written statement of purpose, as this is a crucial requirement for the evaluation process. You can access the project proposal template on the fellowship website, which will guide you in crafting a strong and comprehensive statement.
• Additionally, prepare a comprehensive CV that highlights your educational background, research experience, publications, academic honours, and any relevant extracurricular activities or leadership roles you have undertaken.

You will need letters of support

Request letters of recommendation from professors at both the host institution and your home institution. These letters should attest to your academic abilities and potential as a research student. It is important to choose recommenders who are familiar with your work, research capabilities, and can provide strong support for your application. Be sure to provide them with sufficient time to write the letters and provide them with any necessary information or materials that can help them write a comprehensive and compelling recommendation on your behalf.

Some additional requirements

After gathering all the required documents, submit your application following the guidelines provided by the AIRS Program. Pay close attention to the deadlines and ensure that you include all the necessary materials. Remember to tailor your application to demonstrate your enthusiasm for the research project and how it aligns with your academic and career aspirations. Highlight any relevant experience, skills, or accomplishments that make you a compelling candidate for the fellowship.

The fellowship award

The selected candidates receive fellowships of up to AUD $10,000 for a duration of 4-8 weeks to undertake short-term research exchanges in India and Australia.

• The fellowship program covers select eligible expenses. These expenses include single return international economy airfare, Australia/India visa, accommodation, travel and health insurance, transport costs, standard living expenses, language training and translation services, conference registration, and costs related to research events.
• Additionally, it is advisable for fellows to discuss their travel plans with the host Institution to ensure coordination with their hosting arrangements.
• Candidates are usually notified of the outcome via email, and there are typically no interviews conducted.

The selection process is solely based on the information provided by the applicants, including the research proposal and academic achievements. So, it is essential to carefully prepare, and submit, a strong application that highlights your qualifications and research potential.

1) As the first Indian recipient of the SRL emerging leader award by ISAC, please tell us about the programme and the SRL concept.

Flow cytometry and image analysis are complex technologies used by scientific laboratories today. The term ‘Shared Resource Laboratory’ (SRL) designates the difference between a simple ‘core facility’ and a dedicated ‘cytometry core resource’ in terms of additional scientific responsibilities and cooperative capabilities to enhance the scope of biological research eventually. These SRLs, equipped with high-end instrumentation and upskilled cytometrists, are not just service providers but critical partners in experiments, requiring necessary acknowledgement and operational support.

The four-year SRL Emerging Leader program recognises and develops the next generation of emerging leaders in SRL, offering them opportunities for mentoring, networking, and collaboration. Being a part of the The International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC) has allowed me to start establishing an SRL in India and be an integral part of this non-disruptive creative concept.

2) What is your impression about the current SRL culture in India?

There are plenty of opportunities in terms of funding and schemes to support this concept in India today, as there are many core facilities. We have impressive national facilities for flow cytometry and microscopy at National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore; Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore; All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, to name a few. Recently, start-up industries have also catered to some of these needs.

What we should work towards is bringing more awareness about this concept and incorporating the "best practices of SRL" while running these cores, which can revolutionise the scientific output from the existing facilities we have and expand their usage to all. It is a value addition to the running core facilities and hence not a replacement with a new concept.

3) You shifted gears several times in your career. Please tell us about your journey.

Although I was never particularly ambitious, I had certain goals that I was unwilling to compromise on. It all started when I began my PhD at Bose Institute, Kolkata and later went to Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bangalore in 2008 to pursue my dream of becoming a molecular mycologist. But, when I was expecting my child, I decided to shift gears for the first time, and take a break to explore other opportunities. That’s when Udaykumar Ranga, one of my mentors from JNCASR, introduced me to the world of technology platforms, which turned out to be a major turning point in my career.

In 2013, I became Facility-In-Charge at JNCASR, where I was responsible for operation and maintenance of the instruments, scientific data analysis, teaching, and training in flow cytometry and microscopy. It was during this time that my other mentor, H. Krishnamurthy, introduced me to the world of cytometry. Later, I moved on to a similar role at IISc. Gradually, after gaining proficiency in operating a vast range of flow analysers, cell sorters, microscopes and different sample types, I began to develop a keen interest in single cell analysis, particularly in understanding the cell biology of the immune system. This interest led me to establish my research group in stem cell cytometry and imaging at Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine (MIRM), Bangalore in 2019, where I currently work as an Assistant Professor. I am thankful to Gopal Pande, then the Dean of MIRM, who believed in me and my vision.

4) Such an interesting journey. Tell us more about your endeavours at MIRM, Bangalore?

At MIRM, our lab is also committed to developing an SRL for cytometry and imaging. With the help of a K-FIST L2 infrastructure grant received from the Government of Karnataka, we are working towards implementing the best practices of SRLs. Additionally, we are dedicated to spreading knowledge and awareness about this field to students from various backgrounds.

For instance, every year, we conduct an educational workshop called “MYO” (Make Your Own flow cytometer) in collaboration with William G. Telford, National Cancer Institute, USA, for our Master’s students. We have also provided demonstrations to students at Shri Kodandaramaswamy High School in Mittur village, located in the Kolar district of Karnataka.

5) You are also building a start-up. Please tell us how it started.

Yes, I am currently working on developing a diagnostic tool for acute leukaemia using imaging flow cytometry, which will significantly reduce the time taken for testing and reporting. The need for such a tool became apparent to me during discussions with experts at the CYTO meetings of ISAC. After joining MIRM, I initiated talks with a US-based company that sells this type of cytometer and brought their instrumentation to MIRM on a contract basis. Additionally, as I was in touch with a group of successful entrepreneurs in North Bangalore, the idea of starting my own company began to take shape.

6) What were the challenges you faced while starting and how is the start-up going on?

It took me three years to build the team, and securing funding was the biggest challenge, which became even more difficult due to the pandemic. The work officially began in July 2022 with a seed grant from the University of Western Australia in collaboration with a group that are pioneers in this technology. Later, I received a BIRAC JanCare grant under the Healthtech category. However, the students who joined my lab in 2020 have been my strength right from the beginning, actively working with me with intramural support from MIRM. Currently, we are able to visualise the software that we are striving to provide to clinicians.

7) What message do you want to leave as an academic entrepreneur?

I strongly believe that there should not be a demarcation between parallel and mainstream research because both are indispensable to each other. This approach, which aligns with the SRL ethos, would have allowed me to advance my work much more quickly by obtaining patents and grants earlier in my career. I am grateful for the flexibility and support system at MIRM, which enables me to seamlessly pursue both as an academic scientist and entrepreneur.

8) What is one change that, in your opinion, would hugely benefit aspiring women scientists?

As a woman scientist, I want to emphasise the significance of a supportive work and research environment.

Even seemingly basic measures, such as having a childcare facility, can make a tremendous difference. One of my cherished memories was being part of a team of passionate and driven scientists in 2017, working together to establish a childcare centre at the IISc campus.

9) How difficult has it been for you to achieve a sustainable work-life balance?Do you think systemic support, such as clear provisions for applying for administrative and research management staff positions in project proposals, could help in this regard?

I have never looked at life while keeping work aside. I have been a persistent worker both when I am with my family and even when I am with my colleagues and students. My family understands the passion with which I approach my work and has been tremendously supportive.

Yes, to maintain this balance better, especially as I plan to transition into the world of entrepreneurship from being a full-time academic scientist, I believe having research management designations who can actively engage in scientific projects could be of great help.

10) What is the best advice you have received?

"The process will help you identify your goals, determine the resources required to achieve them, identify potential sources of those resources, and anticipate any potential threats and challenges," are the thoughts of one of my role models, Joanne Lannigan, CEO, Flow Cytometry Support Services, LLC, regarding establishing an SRL. She emphasises the importance of creating a robust business plan. I believe her words hold significance not only in one's career but also in various aspects of life.